What does the term 'solubility' refer to in chemistry?

The term 'solubility' specifically refers to the ability of a substance, usually a solid, to dissolve in a solvent, with water often being the most commonly referenced solvent. When we discuss solubility in the context of a liquid, we are focusing on how well that liquid can mix with or be dissolved in water. This mixing ability can be influenced by various factors such as temperature and pressure, as well as the chemical nature of the substance and the solvent.

In the context of the answer you've chosen, it accurately captures this definition, as it emphasizes the interaction between a liquid and water, highlighting solubility as a measure of how much of a substance can be dissolved in a given amount of water. This is crucial in many chemical processes, reactions, and applications in different fields, including pharmaceuticals and environmental science, where the behavior of substances in water plays a vital role.