What particles contain ionizing radiation like X-rays?

Beta particles are charged particles that are emitted from the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay. Specifically, beta particles are high-energy, high-speed electrons or positrons. When beta decay occurs, it can result in the emission of these particles that possess enough energy to ionize atoms, meaning they can knock electrons off other atoms, leading to ionization.

In terms of ionizing radiation, beta particles are effective in producing secondary ionization effects as they interact with matter. They have the capability to penetrate materials more effectively than alpha particles due to their smaller mass and greater velocity, making them relevant in discussions of ionizing radiation.

While alpha particles, gamma rays, and neutrons also involve ionizing radiation, they represent different forms or types of radiation. Alpha particles are heavy and can be stopped by a sheet of paper, while gamma rays are uncharged electromagnetic waves that can penetrate deeply into materials. Neutrons, although indirectly ionizing, do not possess a charge and require specific conditions to produce ionization. Consequently, the focus on beta particles accurately highlights their role in ionizing radiation.