What term describes the process of removing contaminants from a person or object?

The term that best describes the process of removing contaminants from a person or object is decontamination. This process specifically involves the physical and/or chemical removal of hazardous substances, ensuring the safety of individuals and preventing the further spread of contaminants. Decontamination is crucial during hazmat incidents or when dealing with hazardous materials, as it reduces the risk of exposure and protects both the individual and the environment.

Other terms, while they describe important processes, do not encompass the full scope of what decontamination encompasses. Sanitization refers to reducing the number of harmful microorganisms to safe levels but does not imply the complete removal of contaminants. Neutralization refers to the process of counteracting a chemical's harmful effects, typically through a chemical reaction that alters its harmful properties but does not generally involve physical removal. Disinfection involves killing or inactivating pathogens on surfaces but does not necessarily apply to the removal of all contaminants. Overall, decontamination is the most comprehensive term for this vital safety process.