What type of radiation is described as highly penetrating and commonly used in commercial operations?

The type of radiation that is described as highly penetrating and commonly used in commercial operations is gamma radiation. This form of radiation is particularly known for its ability to traverse materials and is capable of passing through the human body, which makes it a significant concern in the field of radiation safety. Gamma rays are emitted during radioactive decay and have applications in various sectors, including medical treatment and industrial radiography.

The penetrating power of gamma radiation is a critical characteristic that distinguishes it from other forms of radiation, such as alpha and beta particles, which can be stopped by much simpler barriers. In commercial operations, gamma radiation is utilized due to its ability to provide imaging and detection capabilities that are essential for quality control, security, and medical diagnostic procedures.

While neutron and X-ray radiation also have their specific uses, they do not match the widespread application and penetrating nature of gamma radiation in commercial contexts. Neutron radiation, for instance, while penetrating, is less commonly used outside of specific industrial and scientific environments. Similarly, X-rays are often utilized for imaging but have limitations when compared to the broader applicability and depth of penetration of gamma rays.